Tracing nanoplastics removal dynamics: Europium-labeled polystyrene adsorption on fungal biomass in a simulated treatment system
Nanoplastics (NPs), defined as synthetic polymer particles of size in the submicron range, are emerging as pervasive environmental contaminants owing to their tendency to cross biological membranes and bioaccumulate within ecological systems, thereby posing considerable risks to environmental safety and human health. Their small size (< 1 μm) challenges conventional separation and analytical methods, presenting the need for innovative and sustainable detection